Seguridad del paciente y eficiencia institucional: el protocolo Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) como estándar de calidad quirúrgica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v13i2.2274Palabras clave:
seguridad del paciente, protocolo ERAS, calidad quirúrgica, recuperación posoperatoria, eficiencia hospitalariaResumen
El protocolo ERAS, por sus siglas en inglés Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, representa una estrategia multimodal de atención perioperatoria orientada a mejorar la recuperación quirúrgica, reducir complicaciones y optimizar el uso de recursos institucionales. Esta revisión bibliográfica analiza la evidencia reciente sobre la aplicación del protocolo ERAS como estándar de calidad quirúrgica, con énfasis en su impacto sobre la seguridad del paciente, la eficiencia hospitalaria y la continuidad del cuidado. Se revisaron publicaciones científicas, guías clínicas y documentos técnicos recientes relacionados con intervenciones preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, incluyendo educación del paciente, optimización clínica previa a la cirugía, analgesia multimodal, reducción del ayuno prolongado, movilización temprana, nutrición precoz y criterios estandarizados de alta. La evidencia disponible muestra que la implementación estructurada de ERAS favorece una recuperación más rápida, disminuye la estancia hospitalaria, reduce eventos adversos y mejora la coordinación multidisciplinaria. Sin embargo, su efectividad depende del cumplimiento del protocolo, la adaptación al contexto institucional, la capacitación del equipo quirúrgico y el monitoreo continuo de indicadores clínicos. Se concluye que ERAS debe comprenderse no solo como un conjunto de medidas perioperatorias, sino como una herramienta de gestión clínica que fortalece la seguridad del paciente, mejora la eficiencia institucional y consolida una cultura quirúrgica basada en calidad, evidencia y resultados medibles.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Daniel José Villacres Sigcha , Aura Janeth Velez Bravo, David Alexander Pilataxi Sisa, Rosa Leticia Ramírez Vallejos
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