Diseño de un Plan de Acciones Preparatorias para la respuesta ante eventos extremos en un hospital de segundo nivel de Guayaquil: revisión bibliográfica integrativa y análisis documental institucional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v13i2.2330Palabras clave:
gestión del riesgo, resiliencia hospitalaria, eventos extremos, capacidad de respuesta, continuidad operativaResumen
Los eventos extremos amenazan la continuidad operativa de los hospitales y exigen planes preparatorios capaces de anticipar fallas, proteger servicios críticos y sostener la atención durante escenarios de alta demanda. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar una propuesta de Plan de Acciones Preparatorias para la respuesta ante eventos extremos en el Hospital IESS Ceibos Norte de Guayaquil, mediante una revisión bibliográfica integrativa y análisis documental institucional. Se revisaron publicaciones científicas recientes, guías técnicas internacionales, normativa aplicable y documentos hospitalarios relacionados con gestión del riesgo, resiliencia institucional, capacidad de expansión, triage masivo, continuidad asistencial y autonomía funcional. Los hallazgos permitieron organizar los componentes del plan en cinco ejes: gobernanza y activación del comité hospitalario, evaluación de vulnerabilidades estructurales y no estructurales, reorganización de espacios y flujos asistenciales, gestión de talento humano e insumos críticos, y monitoreo operativo mediante listas de verificación y simulacros. Como resultado, se plantea una matriz de acciones preparatorias orientada a fortalecer la respuesta del hospital ante sismos, inundaciones, crisis sanitarias y eventos con múltiples víctimas. La propuesta integra el modelo Staff, Stuff, Space and System con una lógica de autonomía funcional de 72 horas, articulación interinstitucional y mejora continua. Este abordaje permite transformar la planificación hospitalaria en una herramienta técnica, aplicable y auditable para reducir brechas entre los protocolos existentes y la capacidad real de respuesta.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Susana del Carmen Yanez Carrasco, Christian Augusto Peña Peña, Michel Antonio Camchong Ayón, Guillermo Ricardo Grunauer Robalino
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