Grafoscopía inferencial y autoría escritural: variación natural, control contextual y peso probatorio en documentos cuestionados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v13i2.2371Palabras clave:
grafoscopía, documentos cuestionados, autoría escritural, prueba pericial, variación naturalResumen
La prueba grafoscópica conserva alta relevancia judicial, pero enfrenta exigencias contemporáneas de transparencia, control de sesgos, validación progresiva y comunicación prudente de sus conclusiones. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer el Modelo Integral de Grafoscopía Inferencial (MIGI) como arquitectura operativa para valorar autoría escritural en documentos cuestionados. Se trata de un estudio teórico-metodológico de síntesis conceptual basado en estándares internacionales, literatura clásica de documentos cuestionados, estudios empíricos sobre escritura y firma, y normativa procesal mexicana. El MIGI no pretende sustituir los estándares internacionales, sino traducirlos a una estructura aplicable a la práctica grafoscópica mexicana e hispanoamericana, incorporando materialidad documental, variación natural, hipótesis rivales, control contextual y lenguaje graduado de soporte. Como aporte, se presentan matrices heurísticas, escalas conceptuales y anexos técnicos para orientar dictámenes, contradicción procesal, formación pericial y valoración racional de la prueba. Se concluye que la grafoscopía se fortalece cuando abandona afirmaciones absolutas y explica, con límites explícitos, qué grado de soporte técnico ofrecen los hallazgos gráficos frente a hipótesis alternativas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alfredo García Anaya
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